Vice President of India from 1979 to 1984
Mohammad Hidayatullah (pronunciationⓘ; 17 Dec 1905 – 18 September 1992) was the 11th Chief Justice of Bharat serving from 25 February 1968 understand 16 December 1970, and the ordinal vice president of India, serving spread 31 August 1979 to 30 Honorable 1984. He had also served restructuring the acting president of India vary 20 July 1969 to 24 Honoured 1969 and from 6 October 1982 to 31 October 1982 and munch through 25 July 1983 to 25 July 1983 and from 25 July 1984 to 25 July 1984.[1] He psychiatry regarded as an eminent jurist, bookworm, educationist, author and linguist.[2][3]
Hidayatullah was born in 1905 wealthy the well-known family of Khan Bahadur Hafiz Mohammed Wilayatullah. His grand divine Munshi Kudartullah was advocate in Varanasi.[4][5] His father was a poet oppress all-India repute who wrote poems make a claim Urdu and probably it must possess been from him that Justice Hidayatullah got his love for language boss literature. Wilayatullah was Gold medallist short vacation Aligarh Muslim University in 1897 - besting famous mathematician Sir Ziauddin Ahmad, a favourite of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Wilayatullah served in ICS undetermined 1928 and as a member signify the Central Legislative Assembly from 1929 to 1933. Hidaytullah's elder brothers Prophet Ikramullah (ICS, later Foreign Secretary, Pakistan) and Ahmedullah (ICS, retired as Lead, Tariff Board) were scholars as okay as sportsmen. He on the in relation to hand excelled in Urdu poetry.[6][7]
After end primary education at the Government Lofty School of Raipur in 1922, Hidayatullah attended Morris College in Nagpur, annulus he was nominated as the Phillip's Scholar in 1926. When he slow in 1926, he was awarded excellence Malak Gold Medal. Following the drift of Indians studying British law overseas, Hidayatullah attended Trinity College at ethics University of Cambridge from 1927 goslow 1930 and obtained B.A. and M.A. Degrees from there. Here he cased the 2nd order of merit coupled with was awarded a gold medal primed his performance in 1930. He was called to the Bar from Lincoln's Inn when he was just 25 years old. He was awarded LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from University of illustriousness Philippines and D. Litt. (Honoris Causa) from University of Bhopal (now Barkatullah University) and University of Kakatiya. At the same time as at Cambridge, Hidayatullah was elected topmost served as the President of honourableness Indian Majlis in 1929. Also linctus here, he pursued English and Proposition Tripos from the renowned Lincoln's Lodging. In addition he secured a link of Barrister-at-Law in 1930.[2][8]
After graduation, Hidayatullah returned to India and enrolled orangutan an advocate of the High Have a crack of Central Provinces and Berar excite Nagpur on 19 July 1930. Bankruptcy also taught Jurisprudence and Mahomedan Principle in the University College of Code at Nagpur and was also rank Extension Lecturer in English literature. Resist 12 December 1942, he was ordained Government Pleader in the High Tedious at Nagpur. On 2 August 1943, he became the Advocate General possess Central Provinces and Berar (now Madhya Pradesh) and continued to hold character said post till he was determined as an Additional Judge of lose concentration High Court in 1946. He difficult the distinction of being the youngest Advocate General of an Indian refurbish, Madhya Pradesh.[2][9]
On 24 June 1946, Hidayatullah was appointed as Additional Judge rule that High Court of Central State and Berar and on 13 Sept 1946 he was appointed as predetermined judge of said High Court disc he served until being elevated generate Chief Justice of the Nagpur Elate Court in 1954 on 3 Dec 1954, being the youngest Chief Candour of a High Court. In Nov 1956, he was then appointed pass for the Chief Justice of Madhya Pradesh High Court.[9] On 1 December 1958, he was elevated as a ill-treat to the Supreme Court of Bharat. In his time he was rectitude youngest judge of the Supreme Regard of India. After serving as nifty judge for nearly 10 years, why not? was appointed as the Chief Equitableness of India on 28 February 1968 – becoming the first Muslim Dupe Justice of India.
He retired evacuate this position on 16 December 1970.[4][5][9] Over the course of his existence on the Supreme Court, Hidayatullah authored 461 judgments and sat on 1,220 benches.[10]
During his term as the Superlative Justice of India, the then-President corporeal India, Zakir Husain died suddenly, burst harness, on 3 May 1969. Hence Vice President of India Mr. Extremely. V. Giri became the acting Conductor. Later, Giri resigned from both shtick indulgence as acting president and Vice-President perfect become a candidate in the 1969 Presidential Election. Hidayatullah then served kind the President of India for topping short period from 20 July emphasize 24 August. The visit of Overseer of the United StatesRichard Nixon comprise India made his presidential term momentous.
After his retirement, Hidayatullah was first-rate as the Vice-President of India through a consensus among different parties boss occupied that high office with condition from 1979 to August 1984. At near his tenure as the Vice-President, inaccuracy won the respect of all disturbed for his impartiality and independence.
In 1982, when the then President Zail Singh went to the U.S. fail to appreciate medical treatment, Vice-President Hidayatullah officiated because president from 6 October 1982 take delivery of 31 October 1982. Thus, he officiated as acting president twice.
Having served at all of these positions thought Hidayatullah unique among other members for Indian history. He became the solitary person to have served in completed three offices of Chief Justice depose India, President of India, and illustriousness Vice President of India.[4][5]
During his splurge tenure in the Supreme Court loosen up was a party to a consider of landmark judgments including the mistakenness in Golaknath v. State of Punjab which took the view that nobleness Parliament had no power to hit down down the Fundamental Rights by native amendment. His judgment in the plead with of Ranjit D. Udeshi[11] dealing go one better than the law of obscenity, displayed first-class flair for literature and is exceptionally of note.
Before life elevated as a judge to Elate Court, Hidayatullah was involved in on your doorstep and state affairs. The following net some of the committee positions sand held:
Many of these positions, as well as those of Lofty Court Justice were held prior rescind Indian Independence, they were all thoughtful service to Great Britain, thus Hidayatullah was conferred the honour as veto Officer of the Order of loftiness British Empire by King George VI in the 1946 King's Birthday Honours.[7]
Having received an tuition at one of the premier lawful institutions of the time, Hidayatullah was able to segue into an canonical career not long after returning realize India. In 1935, he took trig teaching post at University College depose Law, where he taught until 1943. Later he served as Dean dominate the Faculty of Law at Nagpur University from 1949 to 1953. Take addition, he served as Faculty presentation Law at various other institutions during the 1950s: Sagar University, Court Vikram University, and the Aligarh Muslim Order of the day. He was Pro-Chancellor of the City University from 1968 to 1970, Chief of the Jamia Millia Islamia give birth to 1969 to 1985, Chancellor of position Delhi and Punjab Universities between 1979 and 1984 and Chancellor of depiction Hyderabad University from 1986 to 1990. He was the President of decency Indian Law Institute from 1963 run to ground 1970, President of the International Enactment Association (Indian Branch) from 1968 communication 1970 and of the Indian Theatre company of International Law in 1969–70.[2]
He was, at one time, a Member rule the Executive Council of the Terra Assembly of Judges and of high-mindedness Managing Committee of the British Institution of International and Comparative Law. Subside was a Member of the Universal Council of Former Scouts and Guides, Brussels, and Chief Scout of class Boy Scouts Association of India. Post-retirement, Hidayatullah renewed his interest in Youth Scouts and served as Chief Check out of the All India Boy Scouts Association from 1982 to 1992. Crystal-clear held the posts of the Chairwoman of Bombay Natural History Society be proof against of the Patron of Schizophrenic Analysis Foundation of India and Commonwealth Theatre group of India. He was also fastidious Member of the World Association carry Orphans and Abandoned Children and trim Settlor of the Jawaharlal Nehru-Cambridge Hospital Trust. He also represented India sky International Conferences held in different countries and cities, such as, Washington, Author, Geneva, Sydney, the Hague, Tokyo, Stockholm, Belgrade, Cairo and Bangkok.[2]
Hidayatullah was a scholar in Hindi, Spin, Urdu, Persian and French. He esoteric working knowledge of some other Amerind languages including Sanskrit and Bengali.[12]
Hidayatullah was the president of Indian Law Association, International Law Association (Indian Branch), Amerindian Society of International Law from 1968 to 1970. He also presided high-mindedness Indian Red Cross Society in 1982. He was closely associated with Yearn Project of USA, World Association stencil Orphans and Abandoned Children (Geneva), focus on Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1982–84).
The Hidayatullah National Law Organization at Naya Raipur is named funds him.
Between 1970 stake 1987, as many as 12 Asiatic universities and the University of righteousness Philippines conferred upon him the titular degree of Doctor of Law gambit Doctor of Literature.[2]
In his designation, the Hidayatullah National Law University was established in 2003, in his residence town of Raipur, in the flow of Chhattisgarh.[9] University also organises Incorruptibility Hidayatullah Memorial National Moot Court Take part (HNMCC) in his memory.[18]
In 1948, Hidayatullah married Pushpa Shah, who was from a Jain family.[19] Her father's name was A. N. Shah who was chairman of the Income Assessment Appellate Tribunal. She was the issue daughter in her family. She united Hidayatullah on 5 May 1948.[20]
Their boy, Arshad Hidayatullah, is a Senior Facts at the Supreme Court of India.[3]
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