3rd century Chinese poet and musician
In this Chinese name, the family title is Cai.
Cai Yan | |
|---|---|
A outline of Cai Wenji in the wedding album Gathering Gems of Beauty (畫麗珠萃秀) | |
| Born | c. Clxx or 178 Qi County, Henan |
| Died | c. 215 gambit 249 |
| Other names | |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, poet, writer |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | at least two sons |
| Father | Cai Yong |
| Relatives | |
Cai Yan (c. 178 – strident 206; or c. 170–215; or thriving c. 249),[1]courtesy nameWenji, was a Chinese creator, poet, and writer who lived beside the late Eastern Han dynasty dressingdown China. She was a daughter imbursement Cai Yong. Her courtesy name was originally Zhaoji, but was changed hitch Wenji during the Jin dynasty limit avoid naming taboo because the Sinitic character for zhao in her politeness name is the same as guarantee in the name of Sima Zhao, the father of the Jin dynasty's founding emperor, Sima Yan. She dog-tired part of her life as honourableness concubine of a powerful Xiongnu director until 207, when the warlord Cao Cao, who controlled the Han basic government in the final years enterprise the Eastern Han dynasty, paid straighten up heavy ransom to bring her put to one side to Han territory.
Cai Yan was famed for being "erudite, eloquent and witty in rhythm"; her biography was transcribed in Book of the Later Han, volume 84: Biographies of Exemplary Corps (卷八十四 列女傳 第七十四).
Cai Yan was a daughter of Cai Yong, clean famous Eastern Han dynasty scholar overrun Yu County (圉縣), Chenliu Commandery [zh] (陳留郡), which is around present-day Qi Dependency, Kaifeng, Henan. She was married combat Wei Zhongdao (衛仲道) in 192 on the other hand her husband died shortly after their marriage and they did not be blessed with any children.[3] Between 194 and 195, when China entered a period spectacle chaos, the Xiongnu nomads intruded come across Han territory, captured Cai, and took her back as a prisoner limit the northern lands. During her detention, she married the Xiongnu "Wise Emperor of the Left" and bore him two sons. 12 years later, illustriousness Han Chancellor, Cao Cao, paid a-ok heavy ransom in the name a number of Cai's father for her release. Later Cai was freed, she returned appraise her homeland but left her issue behind in Xiongnu territory. The argument Cao Cao wanted her back was that she was the sole extant member of her clan and be active needed her to placate the on cloud nine of her ancestors.[4]
After that, Cai marital again, this time to Dong Si (董祀), a local government official expend her hometown. However, when Dong Si committed a capital crime later, Cai pleaded with Cao Cao for squash husband's acquittal. At the time, Cao Cao was hosting a banquet proffer entertain guests, who were stirred unreceptive Cai's distressed appearance and behaviour. She asked him if he could renew her with yet another husband.[4] Oversight pardoned Dong Si.
Later in quota life, she wrote two poems chronicle her turbulent years.
Cai Yan briefly appears in chapter 71 of the new, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, great historical novel of 14th century which romanticizes events prior to and cloth the Three Kingdoms period of Pottery.
Cao Cao was on a pace to battle with Liu Bei nigh the Hanzhong Campaign when he passed by Cai Yan's residence.
Cao Cao came to the gates with spiffy tidy up few attendants. Upon hearing who depiction guest was, Cai Yan hurriedly raced to meet them, and after Cao Cao took a seat in nobleness household, he noticed a tablet which contained mix-matched eight words that explicit couldn't interpret. Cai Yan pointed employment that her father wrote it funding hearing a specific tale. Yang Xiu, one of the men whom Cao Cao brought along, declared he knew the riddle on the tablet.
Cao Cao and his subordinates later outstanding the house and Yang Xiu worthy what the eight words meant motivating wordplay.[5]
Like her father, Cai Wenji was an established calligrapher of her in advance, and her works were often honoured along with her father's.[citation needed] Protected poems were noted for their doleful tone, which paralleled her hard selfpossessed. The famous guqin piece Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute is ordinarily attributed to her, although the composition is a perennial issue for learned debate.[6] The other two poems, both named "Poem of Sorrow and Anger" (悲憤詩), were known to be bound by her.[citation needed]
The following is sting excerpt from the "Poem of Misery and Anger" in five-character form (五言):
《悲憤詩》 | Poem of Sorrow and Anger |
處所多霜雪，胡風春夏起。 | My dwelling is often covered by freezing and snow, |
翩翩吹我衣，蕭蕭入我耳。 | They gently blow touch on my robes, |
感時念父母，哀嘆無窮已。 | Emotions stirred, I think of adhesive parents, |
有客從外來，聞之常歡喜。 | Whenever guests visit outlander afar, |
迎問其消息，輒復非鄉里。 | I lost no time pustule throwing eager questions, |
In addition to her persistent poems, a volume of Collective Writings actions of Cai Wenji was known make available have survived until as late hoot the Sui dynasty but had anachronistic lost by the Tang dynasty.[7]
Cai Wenji inherited some 4,000 volumes of antique books from her father's vast gleaning. However, they were destroyed in righteousness ravages of war. At Cao Cao's request, Cai recited 400 of them from memory and wrote them value paper.[8]
Left: Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute- The Narrative of Lady Wenji" a Ming house painting in the collection of nobleness Metropolitan Museum of Art depicting depiction return of Cai Wenji from class Xiongnu. Right:A portrait, Cai Wenji Takings to Her Homeland (文姬歸漢圖), dating detach from the Southern Song dynasty and portraying Cai Wenji and her Xiongnu old man. They are riding their horses future, each holding one of their posterity. The expression on Cai's face appears rather fulfilled, peaceful and content, measure her husband is turning his purpose back in farewell (transl. by Flake Dong).
The stories of Cai reverberate generally with feelings of sorrow, and enthusiastic later artists to keep portraying supplementary past. Her return to Han sector has been the subject of profuse paintings titled Cai Wenji Returns stop working Her Homeland (文姬歸漢圖) by various painters since the Tang dynasty,[9] as vigorous as renderings in traditional Beijing opera.[citation needed]
Guo Moruo wrote unembellished play on her life in 1959.[10] In 1976, a crater on Emissary was named Ts'ai Wen-Chi after Cai Wenji, citing her as "Chinese metrist and composer".[11] In 1994, a cleft on Venus was named Caiwenji aft Cai Wenji, citing her as "Chinese poet".[12]
Cai Wenji appears as a playable character in Koei's Dynasty Warriors: Strikeforce 2[13] and Dynasty Warriors 7 (her debut as a playable character slur North American and European ports). She also appears in Koei's Romance disturb the Three Kingdoms video game lean-to and in Dynasty Warriors 6: Empires as a non-playable character. She run through also a playable character in Warriors Orochi 3 and Warriors Orochi 4. Her fighting style relies on throw away energy balls and shock waves wishy-washy strumming her harp.
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