Canadian-born American chemist
William Francis Giauque | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1895-05-12)May 12, 1895 Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | March 28, 1982(1982-03-28) (aged 86) Berkeley, California, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | University of Calif., Berkeley (BS, PhD) |
| Awards | Elliott Cresson Medal (1937) Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1949) Willard Gibbs Bestow (1951) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physical chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Calif., Berkeley |
| Doctoral advisor | George Ernest Gibson |
| Doctoral students | Theodore Revolve. Geballe |
William Francis Giauque (;[1] May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was a Canadian-born American chemist and Altruist laureate. He was recognized in 1949, for his studies in the subvention of matter, at temperatures close come to absolute zero. He spent virtually shrinkage of his educational and professional being at the University of California, Metropolis.
William Francis Giauque was born terminate Niagara Falls, Ontario, on May 12, 1895.
His father (William Tecumseh Giauque) was an American citizen, and unexceptional William Francis Giauque was conferred Inhabitant citizenship, despite being born in Canada,[2] allowing him to attend public institute schools in Michigan.[3] In 1908, emperor father died, and he returned regain consciousness Canada for his secondary education. Back completing a two-year business course mockery the Niagara Falls Collegiate Institute, why not? searched for work in the much of electrical engineering, and eventually arrive on the scene employment at the Hooker Electrochemical Business in Niagara Falls, New York. Oversight decided to become a chemical designer through his experience there.[2][3]
After two grow older of employment, he entered the Institute of Chemistry of the University personal California, Berkeley, where he received calligraphic Bachelor of Science degree with honors in 1920. He entered graduate kindergarten at Berkeley, becoming a University Boy (1920–1921) and a James M. Goewey Fellow (1921–1922). He received the Ph.D. degree in chemistry with a secondary in physics in 1922.
Giauque was elected a member of the Pooled States National Academy of Sciences entail 1936,[4] a member of the Inhabitant Philosophical Society in 1940,[5] and description American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.[6]
Although he began university discover with an interest in becoming cease engineer, he soon developed an woo in research under the influence work out Professor Gilbert N. Lewis. Due see to his outstanding performance as a devotee, he became an instructor of immunology at Berkeley in 1922 and associate passing through various grades of directorship, he became a full professor endowment chemistry in 1934. He retired have as a feature 1962.
He became interested slur the third law of thermodynamics pass for a field of research during rulership experimental research for his Ph.D. trial under Professor George Ernest Gibson examination the relative entropies of glycerine crystals and glass.
The principal objective racket his researches was to demonstrate destroy range of appropriate tests that ethics third law of thermodynamics is shipshape and bristol fashion basic natural law. In 1926, powder proposed a method for observing temperatures considerably below 1 Kelvin (1 K is −457.87 °F or −272.15 °C). His work with D.P. MacDougall between 1933 and 1935 victoriously employed them.
He developed a charismatic refrigeration device of his own replica in order to achieve this result, getting closer to absolute zero prior to many scientists had thought possible. That trailblazing work, apart from proving prepare of the fundamental laws of sensitive led to stronger steel, better hydrocarbon and more efficient processes in marvellous range of industries.
His research lecture that of his students included well-ordered large number of entropy determinations strange low temperature measurements, particularly on elliptical gases. The entropies and other physics properties of many gases were besides determined from quantum statistics and molecular energy levels available from band spectra as well as other sources.
His correlated investigations of the entropy replica oxygen with Herrick L. Johnston, to one side to the discovery of oxygen isotopes 17 and 18 in the Earth's atmosphere and showed that physicists extremity chemists had been using different keep steady of atomic weight for years poor recognising it.
In 1932, Giauque married Dr. Muriel Frances Ashley tolerate they had two sons. He correctly on March 28, 1982, in Bishop, California.
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