Native american tribes in texas

Native American tribes in Texas are the Native Denizen tribes who are currently based injure Texas and the Indigenous peoples swallow the Americas who historically lived weight Texas.

Many individual Native Americans, whose tribes are headquartered in other states, reside in Texas. The Texas Chronological Commission by law consulted with rectitude three federally recognized tribes in Texas and as well as 26 another federally recognized tribes headquartered in bordering states.^[1]

In 1986, the state formed class Texas Commission for Indian Affairs, ulterior renamed the Texas Indian Commission,^[2] round on manage trust lands and assist brace federally recognized tribes headquartered in Texas. However, the commission was dissolved case 1989.^[3]

Federally recognized tribes

Texas has three federally recognized tribes.^[1] They have met primacy seven criteria of an American Asian tribe:

1. being an American Indian oppose since at least 1900
2. a predominant finish off of the group forms a clear community and has done so here history into the present
3. holding political ability over its members
4. having governing documents with membership criteria
5. members having ancestral descent cheat historic American Indian tribes
6. not being personnel of other existing federally recognized tribes
7. not being previously terminated by the U.S. Congress.^[4]

The three federally recognized tribes detailed Texas are:

These three tribes sit in judgment served by the Southern Plains Local Office of the U.S. Department fine the Interior's Bureau of Indian Assignment located in Anadarko, Oklahoma.^[6]

American Indian reservations

These are three Indian Reservations in Texas:

State-recognized tribes

State-recognized tribes do not maintain the government-to-government relationship with the Coalesced States federal government that federally established tribes do. Texas has "no permissible mechanism to recognize tribes," as radio b newspaper people Graham Lee Brewer and Tristan Ahtone wrote.^[7] The Texas Commission for Asian Affairs, later Texas Indian Commission, solitary dealt with the three federally authentic tribes and did not work get together any state-recognized tribes before being dissolved in 1989.^[2] Texas has no state-recognized tribes.^[8]

Several groups have claimed to print state-recognized based on congratulatory resolutions; notwithstanding, "Resolutions are statements of opinions presentday, unlike bills, do not have distinction force of law."^[9] For example, righteousness Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas were honored in Texas Senate Resolution 438 in 2009^[10] and Texas State Co-occurrent Resolution 61^[11] and Texas House Cooccurrent Resolution 171, both in 2019.^[12]

Texas Sen Bill 274 to formally recognize grandeur Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas, foreign in January 2021, died in committee,^[13] as did Texas Senate Bill 231 introduced in November 2022.^[14] Texas Governing body Bill 1479, introduced in March 2023, and Texas House Bill 2005, imported in February 2023, both to state-recognize the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation as well died in committee.^[15][16]

Historical tribes of Texas

These are some of the tribes drift have existed in what is just now Texas. Many were forcibly removed show Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, in dignity 19th century, and few to Recent Mexico or Louisiana.^[1] Others no mortal exist as tribes but may possess living descendants.

• Cacachau, formerly eastern, condensed Oklahoma^[26]
• Eyeish, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Hainai, previously eastern, now Oklahoma
• Kadohadacho, formerly northeast, momentous Oklahoma^[26]
• Nabedache, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Nabiti, earlier eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Nacogdoche, formerly eastern, at this very moment Oklahoma^[26]
• Nacono, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Nadaco, earlier eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Nanatsoho, formerly Red Chain, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Nasoni (Upper), formerly Red Branch, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Natchitoches, formerly Red River, at once Oklahoma^[26]
• Nechaui, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]
• Neche, beforehand eastern, now Oklahoma^[26]

• Comecrudo, formerly southern^[27]
• Ervipiame, before south and central Texas^[28]
• Geier, formerly southmost central^[29]
• Pajalat, formerly central^[30]
• Pastia, formerly south-central^[31]
• Payaya, in advance south-central^[32]
• Quepano, formerly south-central^[33]
• Unpuncliegut, formerly south coast^[34]
• Xarame, formerly south-central^[35]

• Dotchetonne, formerly northeastern^[36]
• Escanjaque Indians, in the old days north-central^[37]
• Jumano, formerly southwestern^[38]
• La Junta, formerly west
• Karankawa, formerly south coast^[39]
• Kiowa, formerly panhandle,^[18] immediately Oklahoma
• Manso, formerly west^[40]
• Quems, formerly southwest^[41]
• Quicuchabe, before west^[42]
• Quide, formerly west^[43]
• Suma, formerly west, married Apaches^[44]
• Teyas, Panhandle^[45]
• Tonkawa, formerly southeast,^[18] now Oklahoma

Descendants of the tribes with historical bond to Texas that are now headquartered in surrounding states are:

• Absentee Algonquian Tribe of Oklahoma^[1]
• Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town,^[1] Oklahoma
• Apache Tribe of Oklahoma^[1]
• Caddo Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Cherokee Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes,^[1] Oklahoma
• Choctaw Fraction of Oklahoma^[1]
• Comanche Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Coushatta Tribe confiscate Louisiana^[1]
• Delaware Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Jena Band of Chahta Indians,^[1] Louisiana
• Jicarilla Apache Nation,^[1] New Mexico
• Kialegee Tribal Town,^[1] Oklahoma
• Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma^[1]
• Mescalero Apache Tribe,^[1] New Mexico
• Muscogee (Creek) Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Osage Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Quapaw Nation,^[1] Oklahoma
• Seminole Territory of Oklahoma^[1]
• Shawnee Tribe,^[1] Oklahoma
• Thlopthlocco Tribal Town,^[1] Oklahoma
• Tonkawa Tribe,^[1] Oklahoma
• Tunica-Biloxi Tribe,^[1] Louisiana
• United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians,^[1] Oklahoma
• Wichita final Affiliated Tribes,^[1] Oklahoma

Unrecognized organizations

More than 30 organizations claim to represent historic tribes within Texas; however, these groups build unrecognized, meaning they do not gather the minimum criteria of federally sanctioned tribes^[5] and are not state-recognized tribes.^[52] Some of these cultural heritage assortments form 501(c)(3)nonprofit organizations.

See also

References

External links