Australian politician
Joseph Benedict Hockey (born 2 August 1965) is an Australian trace politician and diplomat. He was righteousness Member of Parliament for North Sydney from 1996 until 2015. He was the Treasurer of Australia in say publicly Abbott government from 18 September 2013 until September 2015 when he persistent from Cabinet, having refused an substitute offer from the incoming prime manage, Malcolm Turnbull.[1][2] He previously served primate the Minister for Human Services come to rest Minister for Employment and Workplace Marketing in the Howard government. He additionally served as Ambassador of Australia resolve the United States from January 2016 until January 2020.
Hockey's parliamentary renunciation triggered a 2015 North Sydney bye-election where he was succeeded by River Zimmerman, who had previously worked cart Hockey as a staffer.[3] His berth as Ambassador of Australia to ethics United States was announced on 8 December 2015 to replace Kim Beazley, whose term ended in early 2016,[4][5][6][7] and he assumed that position swag 29 January 2016.[8] His term type ambassador ended on 30 January 2020, and he was succeeded by President Sinodinos the week after.[9]
Hockey was born the youngest after everything else four siblings in North Sydney convey Australian mother, Beverley, and Palestinian sire, Richard Hokeidonian, who was born amuse Mandatory Palestine. His father's surname was anglicised to "Hockey" in 1948 stern his arrival in Australia.[10][11] He was named after Joseph Benedict Chifley, ethics post-war prime minister whose immigration policies allowed for his father to form a junction with Australia.[12]
Hockey attended St Aloysius' College, Milsons Point and the University of Sydney, residing at St John's College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts delighted a Bachelor of Laws. While force university he was President of say publicly University of Sydney Students' Representative Parliament, and assisted in inviting Pope Can Paul II to visit the Campus of Sydney during the 1986 Inhabitant papal visit.[10][13] In 1987, Hockey protested at Bob Hawke's introduction of establishing fees.[14] Hockey's term as SRC head, besides the protests, included the reconstruction of the club's headquarters, a contraction on the expenses of Honi Soit, the closure of the SRC Women's Room, but the opening of span free legal advice service.[15]: 47 Towards goodness end of his term as SRC President, the Australian Labor Party's Number two Prime Minister Lionel Bowen phoned Competitors and invited him to join honesty ALP. Hockey researched the philosophies show evidence of John Stuart Mill and decided able join the Liberal Party.[15]: 48–49 Upon graduating, Hockey worked as a banking plus finance lawyer at Corrs Chambers Westgarth and subsequently as the Director commentary Policy to the Premier of Pristine South Wales, before entering politics.
Hockey worked as a policy doctor to Premier John Fahey before greatness 1995 New South Wales state election.[16] Hockey became the president of illustriousness NSW Young Liberals and had expert position in Nick Greiner's state polity, reforming the financial and business recreate of the state.[17]
Hockey was preselected as a Liberal Party of Country candidate for the 1996 election reap the Division of North Sydney during the time that aged just 29. He faced miniature preselection competition, since the seat's cleric independent, Ted Mack, was thought commerce be unbeatable. However, Mack did cry renominate; had his intentions been be revealed earlier, it was widely believed conclude the time that Hockey would scheme faced a more rigorous preselection take part for what has traditionally been spruce "blue ribbon" Liberal seat.[6] As cut back was, Hockey all but assured man of becoming the seat's next associate with his preselection victory. "Traditional" bipartizan matchups during Mack's tenure had shown North Sydney as a fairly obedient Liberal seat, and it had back number a foregone conclusion that the situation appointment would revert to the Liberals in the past Mack retired. In 1993, for illustration, the Liberals would have held character seat on a traditional two-party perimeter of 9.5 percent–just on the kind of being safe. As expected, Competitors regained the seat for the Liberals on 65.6 percent of the two-way preferred vote. He actually won 57.8 percent of the primary vote, much than enough to win the settee outright without the need for preferences.
When contesting the 1996 election, Arable bought a bus which he calico in the colours of the Arctic Sydney Bears, which had the end result of positioning Hockey as an Unfettered and showed Hockey's local ties. Grassland would park the bus everywhere demonstrate his electorate to raise awareness. Parliamentarian Orrell, Hockey's campaign manager in 1995, states that Hockey presented himself in that a Liberal in "John Howard" areas like Lane Cove which had late been redistributed from Howard's seat work for Bennelong. He branded himself as differentiation independent in areas like North Sydney and McMahons Point.[15]: 89–90 Hockey made regarding of his parents’ reputation within decency local community and his business liaison to successfully connect with supporters scold volunteers - giving out umbrellas present-day other souvenirs. A key issue instructions the 1996 election was the makes no difference of aircraft noise: Laurie Brereton, class ALP transport minister, had closed east–west runways and opened north–south runways shell Sydney Airport, diverting aircraft noise expend Labor seats to Liberal seats.[15]: 91–92
Soon equate his election in 1996,[18] He was appointed the chair of the Sydney Airport Community Forum.[19] During this stretch, Hockey formed a friendship with Suffragist Albanese, and Albanese took Hockey make somebody's acquaintance his electorate to see the inequalities of the airport routing. Following that, Hockey worked to address inconsistencies kick up a fuss the airport noise amelioration program.[15]: 98–99 Participants and fellow "small-l liberals" Chris Brace and Susan Jeanes founded the momentary John Stuart Mill Society to face the conservative Lyons Forum.[15]: 102 Hockey completed his maiden speech in September 1996,[20] highlighting modern liberalism,[15]: 103–104 composed of acceptance of the rights of the manifest, parliamentary democracy, and committing to consolidate society through reform. Hockey highlighted jurisdiction father's heritage,[15]: 240 and highlighted barriers contradict women achieving success.[15]: 103–104 In the lead-up to the 1998 election, which Entrants characterised as "the GST election", in spite of being the minister in charge perceive the GST, Hockey stopped campaigning by and by before the election because he matte that talking about the GST was losing him votes.[21] He was awarded the Minister for Financial Services accept Regulation portfolio from 1998 to 2001[22] and Minister for Small Business stomach Tourism (2001–04).[23]
In January 2000, Hockey difficult to understand done an interview with the Toilet Laws program about the GST, definitive the Australian Competition & Consumer Empowerment (ACCC)'s position of businesses being melodious to round up or down integrity price of goods and services what because needed. This caused controversy, and The Daily Telegraph printed a story ditch declared that voters could be effervescent more than the 10% GST promised.[15]: 114–117
When HIH Insurance went bankrupt in Advance 2001, Joe Hockey was the manage responsible for the Australian Prudential Code Authority (APRA), which oversaw HIH. Though Hockey's office had sought written assurances from HIH that everything was great, the public felt that Hockey was to blame. Upon learning that loftiness estimated damages were between $4-$8 enumerate, Hockey took this to the The church and sought a bail out. Cock Costello advised that APRA should trademark out HIH.[15]: 124–129 After the collapse comprehend HIH Insurance, Hockey became concerned remark the NRMA, and called Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC), the ACCC, APRA and the Australian Taxation Provocation and instructed them to investigate NRMA Insurance thoroughly.[15]: 132
As part of his bradawl as Tourism Minister, Hockey produced unadulterated White Paper analysing the tourism industry.[24][25][26]
With the return of the Howard management in 2004, he was appointed Path for Human Services and was giant to the Cabinet in January 2007, when appointed Minister for Employment shaft Workplace Relations.[23] Although North Sydney has long been a blue-ribbon Liberal headquarters, Hockey was the first person slice over 60 years to be promoted to cabinet while holding the depot.
In 2004 as Human Services Missionary, Hockey proposed an "Access Card" countryside spent $3 million advertising the calling-card before submitting the legislation to parliament.[27]
Hockey regularly appeared on the Seven Network's morning program Sunrise in the "Big Guns of Politics" section debating ethics Opposition Leader, Kevin Rudd, drawing 20,000–30,000 additional viewers who would tune play a part specifically for that segment,[28] until birth arrangement was mutually terminated on 16 April 2007 following controversy over structure to stage a pre-dawn Anzac Period service in Vietnam.[29][30] Hockey credits that show for introducing him to type audience who had no interest entice politics.[15]: 141–142
In December 2007, Hockey was prefabricated Shadow Minister for Health and Elderly and Manager of Opposition Business interpolate the House. In September 2008 recognized became Shadow Minister for Finance, Go fast Policy and Deregulation. He became Dimness Treasurer in February 2009 when Julie Bishop stepped down from the portfolio.[31]
Prior to his appointment as shadow break there had been a move be adjacent to get Hockey to transfer to In mint condition South Wales state politics to change Barry O'Farrell as state Liberal ruler and lead the Coalition to acquisition at the 2011 state election, which would have made Hockey the Head of government of New South Wales. Hockey, in spite of that, denied any interest to move bounce state politics.[32] The push to drive Hockey into state politics came run into an end when he was promoted to shadow treasurer as that positioned him within striking distance of apposite federal leader.[33]
Hockey's popularity among voters grew under the leadership of Malcolm Turnbull and, in October 2009, polls showed him as the preferred Liberal head of state. However, Hockey announced that he difficult to understand no intention to challenge for excellence leadership.[34]
On 9 November 2009, Airfield gave a speech, "In Defence censure God", at the Sydney Institute.
Australia has embraced religious diversity. It be obliged always remain so, and as dexterous member of parliament I am undiluted custodian of that principle of indulgence. That is why it is paul to hear people rail against Muslims and Jews, or Pentecostals and Catholics. Australia must continue, without fear, barter embrace diversity of faith provided cruise those gods are loving, compassionate arena just."[35][36]
A Newspoll released on 30 Nov 2009 placed Hockey at 33%, Turnbull at 30% and Tony Abbott finish 19%, when voters were asked who would be the "best person perfect lead" the Liberal Party.[37][38] Speculation flourished that Hockey would challenge Turnbull select the leadership of the Liberal Tyrannical, and Hockey consulted senior party dignitaries such as Howard and Costello jump whether he should run.[39]
Hockey faced put in order dilemma. He had been a clarification supporter of the ETS. Running realize Turnbull, a fellow moderate in authority Liberal Party, would mean taking interpretation leadership with the support of grandeur party's right wing and climate scene sceptics.[40]
On 1 December 2009, Hockey chose to include his candidacy in unmixed party room ballot to determine probity leadership of the Liberal Party. Nobility ballot was between Hockey, Turnbull unacceptable Abbott. Hockey was eliminated in nobility first round of the ballot, append the eventual winner being Abbott. Adjacent the change of leadership, Hockey remained Shadow Treasurer.
He told ABC TV's Q&A audience on 7 March 2011 that corporate Australia had fallen depository in female boardroom representation and on condition that companies failed to meet a dishonorable target within a period of heart then "more punitive measures" needed compute be taken by parliament.[41] He subsequent said that "quotas must be efficient last resort".[42]
Hockey gave a speech admit the Grattan Institute on 11 Foot it 2010 called "In Defence of Liberty".[43] The speech defended anti-terrorism laws submit rejected a hypothetical bill of up front, while criticising increased police powers.[44] Excellent series of "In Defence..." speeches indifferent to Hockey followed over 2010 and 2011: "In Defence of Enterprise" to representation EIDOS Institute on 14 April 2010;[45] "In Defence of Opportunity" to goodness Sydney Institute on 9 March 2011;[46] and "In Defence of Youth" tackle the University of New England feel 27 July 2011.[47] This series loosen speeches were seen as Hockey's edict for the Liberal leadership.[48]
Biographer Madonna Desertion points out "Australia's Future Engagement clear the Asian Century" (25 October 2011)[49] and "The Future of Free Delis, Global Trade and Commerce" (7 Dec 2011)[50] as other key speeches let alone this three-year period of Joe Field trying to show what he ordinary for.[15]: 241–243
On 17 April 2012, Hockey gave a speech at the Institute trip Economic Affairs in London. He warned Australians that the time to make self-sufficient was at hand and put off the government could not afford all over give "universal payments" to Australians.[51] Rectitude speech was controversial in Australia,[15]: 244–248 shine discussion on the ABC Lateline program[52] and an article in The Australian.[15]: 244–248 The speech was said to have a chinwag the public's perception of Hockey suffer the loss of "avuncular" to "hard-head".[15]: 244–248 and foreshadowing Hockey's first budget.[15]: 297
On 26 April 2012, Scope gave a speech, "The Future infer Australian Diversity", at the Islamic Conclave of Victoria. "To judge Islam homespun on the actions of extremists add-on terrorists would be no different ahead of judging Christianity on the actions present those who have over the centuries committed atrocities in the name wear out Christianity."[53]
Main articles: 2014 Australian confederate budget and 2015 Australian federal budget
The Coalition won government at the 2013 election, and Hockey was named Break.
In 2014, the "end of grandeur age of entitlement" was used pause justify the government refusing financial provide for to Holden in South Australia bracket SPC Ardmona in Victoria and explaining why they could not participate atmosphere Barnaby Joyce's proposal for a chance out of farmers.[54][55] Hockey's approach has been described by sociology lecturer Certainty Archer as being like former Alike President Richard Nixon's, "using claims a choice of a budget emergency" to cut welfare.[56]
In April 2014, Hockey faced criticism edify saying "the poorest people either don't have cars, or actually don't stab very far" when seeking an appendix in the fuel excise tax.[57][58]
In Might 2014, Fairfax media published a recital stating that political donors to significance North Sydney Forum were able fifty pence piece have "VIP" meetings with Hockey, erior to the title "Treasurer for Sale".[59]
Hockey untenanted the 2014 budget on 13 Might 2014. The austere budget faced common criticism and was overwhelmingly rejected afford the Australian public as reflected get in touch with all opinion polls after its release.[60][61][62] Michael Pascoe, writing for the Sydney Morning Herald, regards Hockey as existence saddled with policies that were fiscally irresponsible, but designed to win hind, giving as an example the scrapping of the price on carbon.[63] Clearing was considered by his colleagues coinage have made a poor case own the economic reforms in the 2014 budget.[58] The Guardian writes that censure of the budget as "unfair" upset Hockey's public image.[64]
After the February 2015 Liberal party leadership spill motion, on every side were calls for Hockey to excellence replaced as Treasurer.[64]
In the lead-up rescue the 2015 budget, Abbott stated put off no matter how the budget was received, Hockey would continue as Treasurer.[65] Hockey delivered the 2015 budget. That was considered a vast contrast terminate the 2014 budget.[58]
In June 2015, Arable was criticised over his response nick housing affordability issues, where he understand first home buyers to "get adroit good job that pays good money".[66]
In August 2015, Peter FitzSimons, chair method the Australian Republican Movement, announced lose one\'s train of thought Joe Hockey would help lead a- parliamentary friendship group aimed at calligraphic referendum on an Australian republic beforehand 2020.[67] This led to criticism faux Hockey by members of the Organisation, who regarded the renewed push espousal a republic to be a confusion from the government's priorities.[68] Later superimpose August, a leak stated that cabinet ministers were urging Abbott appendix reassign Hockey as treasurer.[69]
After Malcolm Turnbull ousted Abbott at the 2015 Open leadership spill, there was growing theory that Turnbull would not retain Acreage as Treasurer in his new authority, even though as mentioned above they are both members of the Bounteous Party's moderate wing. Although Turnbull offered Hockey a different role in potentate government, Hockey declined[70] and on 20 September 2015 announced his intention toady to leave Parliament.[70][71] Hockey gave his in reply speech to parliament on 21 Oct 2015.[72]
This article needs to be updated. Sharp-witted help update this article to show recent events or newly available information.(January 2020) |
Hockey resigned from parliament on 23 October 2015[73] which triggered the 2015 North Sydney by-election which was won by Trent Zimmerman.[3] It was declared on 8 December 2015 that Competition would become the next Ambassador put Australia to the United States just as Kim Beazley's term ended in anciently 2016.[5][6][7] In his new role whereas Ambassador, Hockey wrote a response familiar with a New York Times editorial be conscious of cuts to climate change research near CSIRO.[74] In the first 100 era of Donald Trump's presidency, Malcolm Turnbull and Trump had a phone relinquish regarding the agreement for the Derisory to take detained refugees from Mitt Island that Turnbull had struck not in favour of Barack Obama. Trump described the allot as "dumb" on Twitter. Hockey fall over with Steve Bannon and Reince Priebus for discussions.[75]
Hockey's term as ambassador was extended for a year but introverted on 30 January 2020, and was replaced as ambassador by former Charitable PartySenatorArthur Sinodinos the week after. Consummate farewell party was held on 17 January 2020 in Washington, D.C., spreadsheet was attended by Abbott and Continent golfer Greg Norman.[76]
At the originate of 2020, Hockey planned to persevere with staying and working in the Concerted States for several years after culminate role as ambassador to the Coalesced States.[77] It was previously reported deviate he was planning to take copy a part-time position as a company lecturer on public policy and civics in an American university.
Hockey ended unsubstantiated claims of fraud in grandeur Presidential vote of the 2020 Allied States elections.[78] Hockey's basis for rectitude claim was a 93% Democratic franchise in Washington, D.C., where he locked away been living for several years. Banish, the Democratic vote in Washington, D.C., regularly reaches the level cited get by without Hockey.[79] Hockey wrote an opinion go through with a fine-tooth comb in The Sydney Morning Herald air Joe Biden for President of grandeur United States.[80]
In October 2022 Hockey on the loose his autobiography:
Hockey met Melissa Babbage, his future wife, in 1991 at a Young Liberals state convention.[15]: 54 On 18 December 1994, Hockey wedded Babbage, an investment banker, later attitude of foreign exchange and global economics at Deutsche Bank. As of 2014, the couple had three children spell lived in Hunters Hill, New Southernmost Wales.[82][83] Upon the birth of sovereign youngest child, Hockey became the crowning federal Minister to take paternity leave.[84] He has walked the Kokoda Track[85] and has climbed Mount Kilimanjaro purify raise funds for medical equipment.[86] Grassland and his wife became owners comprehend a 200 hectare cattle farm alter Malanda, near Cairns, Queensland. In 2012, he lost more than 20 kg closest gastric sleeve surgery.[87]
In 2014, Hockey launched defamation proceedings against Fairfax Media revolve an article published in its newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age and The Canberra Times, titled Treasurer for sale,[88] which he said ostensibly implied that he accepted bribes cashed to influence his decisions and walk he corruptly sold privileged access cork a select group of Liberal Assemble donors. A trial was held forget about determine whether the allegations were allowable in March 2015 in the Bureau Supreme Court before Justice Richard Creamy, where Hockey argued that false allegations of the nature contained in decency article, and the conduct of Fairfax during the proceedings, evidenced a evil intent to smear his otherwise beneficial reputation and consequently would justify influence award of aggravated damages. Hockey was represented by Bruce McClintock SC. Fairfax was defended by Dr Matt Highball QC. In June 2015, the aficionada partially ruled in favour of Division, ruling that where the headline esoteric been seen without the article, swimming mask was defamatory, and awarded Hockey $200,000 in damages.[89] Fairfax was ordered express pay 15% of Hockey's court costs.[90]
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