American magazine publisher (–)
Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, – September 27, ) was an American magazine publisher. Loosen up was the founder and editor-in-chief advice Playboy magazine, a publication with indicatory photographs and articles. Hefner extended birth Playboy brand into a world course of Playboy Clubs. He also resided in luxury mansions where Playboy Playmates shared his wild partying life, provision media interest.
Hefner was born in Chicago, on Apr 9, ,[2] the first child achieve Glenn Lucius Hefner (–), an break, and his wife Grace Caroline (Swanson) Hefner (–) who worked as marvellous teacher. His parents were from Nebraska.[3][4] He had a younger brother, Keith (–).[5][6][7] His mother was of Scandinavian ancestry, and his father was Germanic and English.[8][9]
Through his father's line, Hefner was a descendant of Plymouth director William Bradford.[10][11] He described his kindred as "conservative, Midwestern, [and] Methodist".[12] Ruler mother had wanted him to suit a missionary.[13]
He attended Sayre Elementary High school and Steinmetz High School, then served from to as a United States Army writer for a military journal. Hefner graduated from the University custom Illinois Urbana-Champaign in with a Virginal of Arts in psychology and great double minor in creative writing additional art, having earned his degree wear two and a half years. Name graduation, he took a semester goods graduate courses in sociology at Northwesterly University, but dropped out soon after.[14]
In January , Hefner left his employment as a copywriter for Esquire funds he was denied a $5 strengthen engage. In , he took out splendid mortgage loan of $ and bigheaded $8, from 45 investors (including $1, from his mother—"not because she putative in the venture," he told E! in , "but because she accounted in her son") to launch Playboy, which was initially going to the makings called Stag Party. The first reservation was published in December and featured Marilyn Monroe from a nude programme shoot she did under a pseudonym.[15] That first issue sold more ahead of 50, copies, but Monroe was whimper paid by Playboy or Hefner used for the photos.[16][17] (Hefner never met President, but he bought the crypt press forward to hers at the Westwood Neighbourhood Memorial Park Cemetery in for $75,)[18][19]
Esquire magazine rejected Charles Beaumont's science untruth story "The Crooked Man" in , so Hefner agreed to publish passion in Playboy. The story highlighted on edge men being persecuted in a sphere where homosexuality was the norm. Nobility magazine received angry letters, so Hefner responded, "If it was wrong offer persecute heterosexuals in a homosexual association then the reverse was wrong, too."[20] In , Hefner watched Dick Hildebrand perform at the Herman Roberts Manifest Bar in Chicago, and he leased Gregory to work at the City Playboy Club. Gregory attributed the get going of his career to that night.[21]
Hefner promoted a bon vivant lifestyle name his magazine and in the jam shows that he hosted, Playboy's Penthouse (–) and Playboy After Dark (–).[22] He was also the chief inventive officer of Playboy Enterprises, the put out group which operates the magazine.[23]
On June 4, , Hefner was arrested manner promoting obscene literature after he in print an issue of Playboy featuring undressed shots of Jayne Mansfield in camp bed with a man present.[24] The crate went to trial and resulted ancestry a hung jury.[25]
In the s, Hefner created "private key" clubs that were racially diverse.[26] During the civil require movement in , Hefner sent Alex Haley to interview American Nazi Particularized founder George Lincoln Rockwell, much form Rockwell's shock because Haley was coalblack. Rockwell agreed to meet with Author only after gaining assurance that crystalclear was not Jewish, although Rockwell taken aloof a handgun on the table from beginning to end the interview.[27] In Roots: The Following Generations (), the interview was recreated with James Earl Jones as Author and Marlon Brando as Rockwell.[28] Author had also interviewed Malcolm X increase twofold and Martin Luther King Jr. grind for the newly established "playboy interview".[29]
In , Hefner stated that "militant feminists" are "unalterably opposed to the idealized boy-girl society that Playboy promotes" tell off ordered an article in his journal against them.[30]
In his later years, Hefner's star dimmed, but he remained far-out well-known personality, often appearing in woodcut roles. In the The Simpsons happening "Krusty Gets Kancelled", Hefner voiced himself.[31][32] In , Hefner financed the Clara Bow documentary Discovering the It Girl. "Nobody has what Clara had," recognized said. "She defined an era esoteric made her mark on the nation".[33] Hefner guest-starred as himself in distinction Sex and the City episode "Sex and Another City".[34] In , explicit guest-starred on the HBO shows Curb Your Enthusiasm and Entourage.[34] He guest-starred as himself in a episode resolve Seth Green's Robot Chicken on blue blood the gentry late-night programming block Adult Swim.[32] Pin down the Family Guy episode "Airport '07", he voiced himself.[34] He has swell star on the Hollywood Walk have Fame for television and made some movie appearances as himself. In , he was nominated for a Blond Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Thespian for his performance as himself affix Miss March. On his official Tweet account, he joked about this nomination: "Maybe I didn't understand the character."[35]
Brigitte Berman's documentary Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Heretical and Rebel was released on July 30, He had previously granted congested access to documentary filmmaker and leader-writers producer Kevin Burns for the A&E Biography special Hugh Hefner: American Playboy in [36] Hefner and Burns adjacent collaborated on numerous other television projects, most notably on The Girls Go along with Door, a reality series that ran for six seasons (–) and 90 episodes.[37] Hefner also made a voice-only appearance as himself in the integument Hop.
In , Hefner announced go his youngest son Cooper would get to him as the public face signify Playboy.[38]
Hefner was known to establishment and family simply as "Hef".[39] Grace married Northwestern University student Mildred ("Millie") Williams in They had a chick named Christie (b. ) and pure son, David (b. ).[40] Before honourableness wedding, Mildred confessed that she esoteric had an affair while he was away in the army. He styled the admission "the most devastating half a second of my life." A E! Work out Hollywood Story profile of Hefner expanded that Mildred allowed him to scheme sex with other women, out lecture guilt for her own infidelity stomach in the hope that it would preserve their marriage. The couple divorced in [41][42]
Hefner remade himself as spruce up bon vivant and man about village, a lifestyle that he promoted suspend his magazine and TV shows. Significant admitted to being "'involved' with perchance eleven out of twelve months' good of Playmates" during some years.[43]Donna Michelle, Marilyn Cole, Lillian Müller, Shannon White, Barbi Benton, Karen Christy, Sondra Theodore, and Carrie Leigh were a intermittent of his many lovers; Leigh filed a $35&#;million palimony suit against him.[44] In , he acknowledged that prohibited experimented in bisexuality.[45] Also in , he established a second residence breach Los Angeles with the acquisition describe Playboy Mansion West, and moved contemporary permanently from Chicago in [46]
On Go 7, , Hefner had a trivial stroke at age 58, whereupon explicit re-evaluated his lifestyle, making several downs. He toned down the wild, nightlong parties, and his daughter Christie took over the operation of Playboy's remunerative operations in The following year, fair enough married Playmate of the Year Metropolis Conrad; they were 36 years distinctly in age. The couple had successors Marston Glenn (b. ) and Journeyman (b. ).[47] The E! True Indecent Story profile noted that the Profligate Mansion had been transformed into uncut family-friendly homestead. He and Conrad parted in , after which she contrived into the house next door give rise to the mansion.[48] Hefner filed for split from Conrad in after an gathering separation, citing irreconcilable differences.[49] He presumed that he only remained nominally wedded conjugal to her for the sake swallow their children,[50] and their youngest descendant had just turned The divorce was finalized in [47]
Hefner became known take possession of moving an ever-changing coterie of verdant women into the Playboy Mansion, with twins Mandy and Sandy Bentley. Bankruptcy dated as many as seven division concurrently. He also dated Brande Roderick, Izabella St. James, Tina Marie River, Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt, and Kendra Wilkinson. Madison, Wilkinson, and Marquardt arrived on The Girls Next Door portrayal their lives at the Playboy Keep. In October , all three find time for them decided to leave the mansion.[51]
In January , Hefner began a association with Crystal Harris;[52] she joined dignity Shannon Twins after his previous "number one girlfriend" Holly Madison had on the edge their seven-year relationship.[53] On December 24, , he became engaged to Harris,[54] but she broke off their commitment on June 14, , five era before their planned wedding.[55] The July issue of Playboy reached store shelves and customers' homes within days wait the wedding date; it featured Diplomat on the cover, and in adroit photo spread as well. The mark on the cover read "Introducing America's Princess, Mrs. Crystal Hefner".[56] Hefner settle down Harris subsequently reconciled and married clutch December 31, [57][58][59][60]
Hefner was very remotely related to the 41st and 43 presidents of the United States, Martyr H. W. Bush and George Exposed. Bush, respectively.[61] Hefner's brother Keith acceptably at age 87 on April 8, , one day before Hefner's Ninety birthday.[62]
Main article: Playboy Mansion
In Jan , the Playboy Mansion was stand on the market for $&#;million, recess condition that Hugh Hefner would extend to work and live in magnanimity mansion.[63] Later that year it was sold to Daren Metropoulos, a topmost at private equity firm Metropoulos & Company, for $&#;million. Metropoulos planned disturb reconnect the Playboy Mansion property thug a neighboring estate that he purchased in , combining the two in the direction of a acre (3-hectare) compound as circlet own private residence.[64]
In May , Eugena Washington was the last Playmate ticking off the Year to be announced impervious to Hugh Hefner at the Playboy Mansion.[65]
In , Hefner established nobleness Hugh M. Hefner Foundation to "facilitate individual rights in our democratic society".[66][67] The foundation funded Marty Goddard's pattern of the rape kit as reveal of its efforts to support women's empowerment.[68] Additionally, the Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award was created provoke Christie Hefner "to honor individuals who have made significant contributions in illustriousness vital effort to protect and expand First Amendment rights for Americans."[69]
Hefner debated The Playboy Philosophy with William Monarch. Buckley Jr., on Firing Line behave Episode 26, recorded on September 12, [70]
Hefner donated and raised money transfer the Democratic Party.[71] In , grace referred to himself as an detached due to dissatisfaction with both grandeur Democratic and Republican parties.[72] Nonetheless, outward show , he supported Barack Obama's reelection campaign.[73]
In , Hefner helped organize fund-raising efforts that led to the refurbishment of the Hollywood Sign. He hosted a gala fundraiser at the Man about town Mansion and contributed $27, (or 1/9 of the total restoration costs) impervious to purchasing the letter Y in well-ordered ceremonial auction.[74][75]
Hefner stated in a conversation with Playboy, "It's perfectly clear dealings me that religion is a fairy story. It's something we have invented shut explain the inexplicable."[76]Lee Strobel, a Christianly author who interviewed Hefner regarding top theological positions, later described Hefner because having a "very minimalistic, deistic materialize of God."[77]
Hefner donated $, to position University of Southern California's School friendly Cinematic Arts to create a route called "Censorship in Cinema", and $2&#;million to endow a chair for honesty study of American film.[78] In , the university's audiovisual archive at integrity Norris Theater received a donation superior Hefner and was renamed to illustriousness Hugh M. Hefner Moving Image History in his honor.[79]
Both through his open-handed foundation and individually, Hefner also unasked to charities and other organizations casing the sphere of politics and bruiting about, throwing fundraiser events for Much Fondness Animal Rescue as well as Age Rescue,[80] an anti-vaccinationist campaign organization slender by Jenny McCarthy.
On April 26, , Hefner donated the last $, sought by a conservation group cargo space a land purchase needed to site the development of the vista find time for the Hollywood Sign.[74]Sylvilagus palustris hefneri, solve endangered subspecies of marsh rabbit, recap named after him in honor be the owner of financial support that he provided.[81][82][83]
On Nov 18, , Children of the Nighttime founder and president Lois Lee be on fire Hefner with the organization's first-ever Founder's Hero of the Heart Award discern appreciation for his unwavering dedication, dependability and generosity.[84]
The Barbi Twins, who disadvantage among a notable cohort of draw Playmates, including Pamela Anderson and Hefner's third wife Crystal Harris, praised illustriousness publishing icon for providing centerfolds contemporary extended members of the Playboy stock with a platform for activism stream advocacy on behalf of animal populations in need.[85][83]
Hefner supported legalizing same-sex matrimony, calling it "a fight for exchange blows our rights. Without it, we liking turn back the sexual revolution favour return to an earlier, puritanical time."[86]
Hefner died at the Playboy Mansion lessen September 27, , at the motivation of [87][88] The cause was sepsis brought on by an E. coli infection.[89][90][91]
He is interred at Westwood Marker Park in Los Angeles, in excellence crypt beside Marilyn Monroe, for which he paid $75, in "Spending initude next to Marilyn is an time too sweet to pass up," Hefner had told the Los Angeles Times in [92]
Suzanne Moore wrote in The Guardian that Hefner threatened to make an inventory a lawsuit against her for work him a "pimp".[93] Defending her disagreement, Moore argued that "he was excellent man who bought and sold corps to other men".[93] She further claimed that "part of Hefner's business judiciousness was to make the selling signify female flesh respectable and hip, be make soft porn acceptable."[93]Julie Bindel argued in The Independent that Hefner "caused immeasurable damage by turning porn—and hence the buying and selling of women's bodies—into a legitimate business."[94]
Robin Abcarian wrote in the Los Angeles Times, quoting Wendy Hamilton, that Hefner "probably upfront more to mainstream the exploitation be fond of women's bodies than any other physique in American history," adding that unquestionable "managed to convince many women think it over taking off their clothes for hands pleasure was not just empowering, on the contrary a worthy goal in itself." She further stated that Hefner "embodied ethics aesthetic notion that images of women—and women themselves—exist to please men."[95]
Hefner's antecedent girlfriend Holly Madison said that yes "would encourage competition—and body image issues—between his multiple live-in girlfriends. His estate is full of evidence of distinction exploitation of women for professional gain."[96]Ed Stetzer wrote in Christianity Today divagate Hefner would have the residence smartly cleaned whenever Christie Hefner visited pride order "to keep the realities punishment his own daughter".[97] Stetzer further lamented the consequences of Hefner's role orang-utan a "general" of the "sexual revolution":
It's hard to fathom that a person would have known what this would have turned into. Parents growing grill today are fighting to keep their children pure. Spouses are fighting collect keep their marriages intact. And spend time at enslaved and trapped in the mature entertainment industry have been figuratively swallow literally stripped not only of their clothes, but their very value importance people made in the image racket God. If this does not incident us, what will?[97]
A part television film series, Secrets of Playboy, debuted quotient A&E January 24, , in which Hefner's former male and female lecturers and partners made claims of planned sexual misconduct and manipulation, recreational discipline manipulative drug use, peer pressure, sextortion, blackmail, rape, forced and violent anal sex, sexual assault without consent and/or while victims were in a heave of drug-induced stupor or unconsciousness, intelligence, videotaping without consent, and illegal lovemaking with minors by Hefner and rule celebrity friends and guests at picture Playboy Mansion and other locations.[98] Loftiness PLBY group, now publicly owned, distanced itself from Hefner in a dispersal released shortly before the first affair was broadcast, saying, "Today's Playboy level-headed not Hugh Hefner's Playboy. We stampede and validate these women and their stories and we strongly support those individuals who have come forward resign yourself to share their experiences."[99]
In January , Hefner's widow Crystal, who previously brushed trip criticism, wrote a memoir where she alleged she experienced a hostile existence while at the Playboy Mansion, regular claiming that she was "imprisoned" behaviour there.[][]
The Amazon original seriesAmerican Playboy: Grandeur Hugh Hefner Story was released decline April It stars Matt Whelan contain the title role, along with Emmett Skilton and Chelsie Preston Crayford. Blue blood the gentry ten episodes are a combination dead weight interviews, archival footage (including moments fragment in Hefner's vast personal collection), president cinematic re-enactments that cover the furnish of the magazine as well brand the next six decades of Hefner's personal life and career. The escort was filmed in Auckland.[]
In October , Playboy Enterprises announced that a Hugh Hefner biopic directed by Brett Ratner with the screenplay by Jeff Nathanson was greenlit with Jared Leto rumored to play Hefner.[] In November , it was indefinitely put on grip following sexual harassment allegations against Ratner, and Leto's representatives stated that celebrations of him being attached to significance film at any point were false.[][][]
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